More Information

South Carolina SC African-Americans Free Blacks in Charleston For More Information

• Berlin, Ira. 1974. Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York: New York University Press.
  
  
• Campbell, Edward D.C. and Kym S. Rice, editors. Before Freedom Came: African-American Life in the Antebellum South. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia.
  
  
• Fitchett, E. Horace. 1940. The Traditions of the Free Negro in Charleston, South Carolina. The Journal of Negro History, v. 25, pp. 139-152.
  
  
• Grimes, Kimberly, Dale Rosengarten, Martha Zierden, and Elizabeth Alston. 1987. Between the Tracks: The Heritage of Charleston's East Side Community. Leaflet Number 30. Charleston: The Charleston Museum.
  
  
• Johnson, Michel P. and James L. Roark. 1984. No Chariot Let Down: Charleston's Free People of Color on the Eve of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  
  
• Powers, Bernard E., Jr. 1994. Black Charlestonians: A Social History, 1822-1885. Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press.
  
  
• Trinkley, Michael and Debi Hacker. 1996. The Other Side of Charleston: Archaeological Survey of the Saks Fifth Avenue Location, Charleston, South Carolina. Research Series 45. Columbia: Chicora Foundation, Inc.